Braces for Teens: A Guide to Orthodontic Treatment

Taking care of your child’s teeth forms part of taking care of their overall health. At times, this may require braces for teenagers and children. The teenage years, in particular, are the perfect time to consider orthodontic treatment. That’s because by this stage, most baby teeth are gone, yet the jawbone is still developing, making it easier to straighten crooked teeth or correct protruding teeth. When deciding whether to get orthodontic treatment earlier or later, consider that beyond the health benefits, the aesthetic function of braces can also have a big impact on a teen’s confidence and self-esteem.

Of course, given the sensitive and self-conscious teenage years, some teens may be hesitant to get dental braces, worrying about having a “mouthful of metal.” The good news? These days, there are more options than ever. From traditional metal braces to clear ceramic braces and Invisalign clear aligners, there are treatments to suit various needs and lifestyles.

So, what age is best for considering whether your child will need braces? A dentist may recommend an early assessment around age 7, but most teens start braces between 12 and 13 years old. An orthodontist can best guide you through the process, but read on for further information as a start. 

Why Orthodontic Treatment is Important for Teenagers

Aside from ensuring teens can have stunning, straight smiles, orthodontic treatment during the teenage years is essential for oral health. Teeth straightening not only improves dental function but also makes teeth easier to clean. For example, issues like crooked, crowded teeth, gaps between teeth or teeth growing in abnormal positions can make brushing and flossing difficult, increasing the risk of tooth decay and gum disease. 

What’s more, early treatment – orthodontic treatment between the ages of 10 and 14, usually − can help guide jaw growth and tooth eruption, potentially reducing the need for more complex and costly treatment later. A straighter smile can also significantly boost a teenager’s self-esteem, positively impacting their social interactions and emotional well-being during this challenging life stage. 

5 Types of Braces for Teenagers

Choosing the right type of braces for your teenager involves considering their specific dental needs, lifestyle, and your budget. Consulting with an orthodontist, available through the NHS and private treatment, can help determine the most suitable brace option to achieve a healthy, confident smile.

In the UK, orthodontic treatment is available on the NHS for under-18s with a clear clinical need, typically offering traditional metal braces but with long waiting lists. Private treatment provides more options, like ceramic braces, Invisalign, and lingual braces, with shorter wait times and flexible scheduling.

When considering orthodontic treatment for teenagers, parents have several options to help them choose from. Here’s an overview of the most common types of braces, and their advantages and disadvantages:

1. Traditional Metal Braces  

These fixed metal braces, the most common type of braces, consist of small metal brackets and wires affixed to the front of the teeth. They’re durable, highly effective for correcting a wide range of dental issues, and are often the most affordable option. However, they’re also the most visible and they can cause some initial discomfort. To prevent tooth decay around the brackets, teens will have to be careful of what they eat and pay attention to their oral hygiene. 

2. Ceramic Braces

These are similar in design to metal braces but since they involve tooth-coloured or clear brackets, they’re much less noticeable. Clear ceramic braces are effective for treating various orthodontic issues and offer a more cosmetic appeal for teens. However, they are more expensive than traditional metal braces. They may also be slightly more fragile, potentially leading to longer treatment times. Take note that if they’re not properly cared for, the brackets can become stained. 

3. Invisalign 

Invisalign refers to a series of custom-made, clear, removable aligners that gradually straighten teeth without the need for brackets or wires. Clear aligners are almost invisible, making them a discreet option. As they’re removable for easier eating and oral hygiene, they’re generally more comfortable and convenient. 

However, they require strict patient compliance. Aligners must be worn for at least 22 hours daily – does your teen have the self-discipline to adhere to this requirement? It’s also important to note that they’re not suitable for all orthodontic cases, and they can be more expensive than other options.

4. Lingual Braces

These braces are attached to the back (lingual side) of the teeth, making them invisible from the front. Typically, this discreet option is more expensive than traditional braces. Lingual braces are effective for correcting various dental issues. However, their placement can cause tongue discomfort and affect speech initially, and may require longer adjustment periods.

5. Damon Braces

These are fixed braces that work differently from traditional braces. Instead of using elastic bands to hold the wire in place, they have a built-in (‘self-ligating’) sliding mechanism. This lets the wire move more freely, which can reduce friction, make adjustments less frequent, and potentially shorten treatment time. Since they put less pressure on the teeth, they can also be more comfortable than traditional braces. However, they’re still visible (although clear options exist), can be more expensive, and may not be suitable for every orthodontic case.

How to Know if Your Child May Need Braces

A significant number of children require orthodontic care. According to the NHS, in the UK, around a third of children require orthodontic treatment. This is supported by studies showing that around 35% of 12-year-olds have a significant need for treatment. Additionally, the 2013 Children’s Dental Health Survey found that 9% of 12-year-olds and 18% of 15-year-olds were undergoing orthodontic treatment at the time of the survey. 

Determining whether your child may need to wear braces involves monitoring for common dental issues such as crooked teeth, gaps between teeth, crowded teeth, protruding teeth, tooth decay, and gum disease. Regular orthodontist check-up appointments are essential for assessment. Whatever the issue, orthodontic treatment is available.  

What to Expect from the Braces Treatment Process

Embarking on orthodontic treatment involves several stages. Here’s what you can expect throughout the process:

• Initial consultation: Your journey begins with a comprehensive evaluation by a dentist or a specialist orthodontist to determine the clinical need for treatment. During this visit, they’ll assess your teen’s dental structure, discuss suitable treatment options, and develop a personalised plan tailored to their needs.
• Duration and check-ups: Typically, orthodontic treatment spans between 12 to 24 months. Regular check-up appointments are scheduled every six to eight weeks to monitor progress and make necessary adjustments to the braces. This also helps parents spread the cost of private dental treatment.
• Mechanism of braces: Braces apply gentle, continuous pressure to guide teeth into their desired positions. Over time, this pressure causes the teeth to move, resulting in a straighter alignment.

Adjusting to Life with Braces

Teens and children living with braces must understand the need to avoid hard, sticky, or chewy foods, how to manage initial discomfort, and maintain diligent oral hygiene.

It’s normal for teens to experience some discomfort, pressure or slight pain after braces are first applied or adjusted. Reassure your child that this sensation typically subsides within a few days as the mouth acclimates to the new appliance. In the beginning, over-the-counter pain relievers can help. 

To protect braces from damage and keep your teeth healthy, it’s advisable to avoid certain foods. Items like tough meat, popcorn, hard candies, and chewing gum can dislodge brackets or bend wires, potentially prolonging treatment. Teens need to be made aware of what food to be cautious of. 

Caring for Braces and Oral Hygiene

Maintaining diligent oral hygiene while wearing orthodontic devices is crucial to prevent issues like tooth decay and gum disease. This involves:

• A thorough cleaning routine: Braces create additional nooks where food particles can lodge. Teens should brush after every meal using a soft-bristled toothbrush and fluoride toothpaste, ensuring teeth and gums, as well as all surfaces, including around brackets and wires, are clean.
• Effective flossing: Flossing can be challenging with braces. Tools like floss threaders or interdental brushes can aid in cleaning between teeth and along the gum line, reducing the risk of plaque buildup.
• Regular dental and orthodontist appointments: Regular dental check-ups are vital since dentists can perform professional cleanings and monitor for any potential issues, ensuring the treatment progresses smoothly. Your orthodontist will also need to check your progress regularly and see whether any hygiene issues are impacting your treatment journey. 

Life After Braces and Orthodontics: Retainers and Maintenance

After braces or other orthodontics are removed, wearing a retainer is essential to maintain the new alignment of teeth as it prevents teeth from shifting back to their original placement. When talking about getting braces for children and teens, make them aware that they'll need to wear a retainer thereafter.

There are various types of retainers, including removable and fixed types. Your orthodontist will recommend the most suitable type based on your teen's specific needs and lifestyle. Note that ongoing check-ups are also important to keep their teeth properly aligned. These visits allow the orthodontist to monitor the stability of the results and address any concerns promptly.

Conclusion

Choosing the right orthodontic treatment for your teen is an important step in ensuring they face the world with a confident smile. If you’re considering your child's treatment needs, scheduling an orthodontist check-up appointment early allows for timely intervention. A straighter, healthier smile starts with the right guidance.

If you're considering braces for your teen, now is the perfect time to explore their options. Get in touch with us today to discuss costs and the best treatment plan for your child’s needs, whether through NHS treatment or private orthodontic treatment.